{"id":10343,"date":"2020-04-12T16:23:46","date_gmt":"2020-04-12T16:23:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kiav.net\/?p=10343"},"modified":"2020-06-09T12:07:22","modified_gmt":"2020-06-09T12:07:22","slug":"phat-hien-virus-trong-khong-khi-bang-may-lay-mau-khong-khi-sartorius","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kiav.net\/news\/phat-hien-virus-trong-khong-khi-bang-may-lay-mau-khong-khi-sartorius\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n virus trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed Sartorius"},"content":{"rendered":"
\u0110\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch Covid-19 do virus SARS-CoV-2 g\u00e2y ra cho t\u1edbi nay \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eabn \u0111ang n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a virus.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Rocky Mountain thu\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7n Y t\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c gia (NIH) M\u1ef9 cho th\u1ea5y virus SARS-CoV-2 g\u00e2y Covid-19 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1ed1i \u0111a 3 gi\u1edd v\u00e0 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong t\u1ed1i \u0111a 3 ng\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a virus SARS-CoV-2 trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed do kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu kh\u00ed dung ch\u1ee9a virus.<\/p>\n
S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Trong \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e1y l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed Sartorius t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c virus v\u00e0 vi sinh v\u1eadt trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Hi\u1ec7n nay, H\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c m\u00e1y l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu Sartorius ch\u00ednh h\u00e3ng. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Sartorius g\u1ed3m c\u00f3: M\u00e1y l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed di \u0111\u1ed9ng MD8, MD8 Airscan\u00ae v\u00e0 AirPort MD8.<\/strong><\/p>\n M\u00e1y l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu kh\u00ed Sartorius, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n virus v\u00e0 vi sinh v\u1eadt trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc m\u00e0ng Gelatine (GMF) v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m th\u1ea1ch BACTairTM \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. Ngo\u00e0i ra, MD8 Airscan\u00ae v\u00e0 AirPort MD8 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu kh\u00ed xung quanh trong ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch, khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm vi sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, MD8 Airscan\u00ae v\u00e0 AirPort MD8 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong 8 gi\u1edd tr\u1edf l\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc m\u00e0ng gelatin duy nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u00e2m t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng vi sinh v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 theo d\u00f5i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao.<\/p>\n B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 V\u0169 H\u00e1n sau \u0111\u00f3 lan sang nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m m\u00e0 COVID-19 g\u00e2y ra, WHO \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 COVID-19 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i coronavirus m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng vi\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p n\u1eb7ng do coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).<\/strong> M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n aerosol c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh trong c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p l\u00e2y lan qua kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh lao, s\u1edfi v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1eadu. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u1ee3t d\u1ecbch SARS \u1edf H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng n\u0103m 2003 cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 l\u00e2y lan trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a SARS-CoV-2 trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ch\u1ee9a aerosol. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng virus n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf r\u1ee7i ro, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh COVID-19. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 SARS-CoV-2 trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau trong hai b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u1edf V\u0169 H\u00e1n, Trung Qu\u1ed1c – th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 t\u00e2m ch\u1ea5n trong \u0111\u1ee3t d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eb1m:<\/p>\n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed dung SARS-CoV-2 trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a hai b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Renmin c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0169 H\u00e1n<\/strong>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n COVID-19 c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111\u1ee3t d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0<\/p>\n B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n d\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn Wuchang Fangcang<\/strong>, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u00e2n v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 thao trong nh\u00e0. D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch ly \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi \u1edf V\u0169 H\u00e1n trong th\u1eddi gian b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t vi-r\u00fat corona.<\/p>\n Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i theo kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang theo c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n Ba lo\u1ea1i m\u1eabu kh\u00ed dung \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp:<\/strong><\/p>\n Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 17 th\u00e1ng 2 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 2 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2020 theo hai \u0111\u1ee3t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu kh\u00ed dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc gelatin presterilized (Sartorius, \u0110\u1ee9c). T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 30 m\u1eabu kh\u00ed dung TSP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 25mm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea1p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n l\u1ecdc styrene (SKC Inc, US). M\u1eabu kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh 5,0 l\u00edt\/ph\u00fat (LPM) b\u1eb1ng b\u01a1m di \u0111\u1ed9ng (APEX2, Casella, US).<\/p>\n T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 3 m\u1eabu aerosol \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng miniature cascade impactor (Sioutas, SKC Inc., Hoa K\u1ef3) t\u00e1ch aerosol th\u00e0nh n\u0103m ph\u1ea1m vi (> 2,5 \u03bcm, 1,0 \u0111\u1ebfn 2,5 \u03bcm, 0,50 \u0111\u1ebfn 1,0 m v\u00e0 0,25 \u0111\u1ebfn 0,5 m tr\u00ean ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc 25mm v\u00e0 0 \u0111\u1ebfn 0,25 mm tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc 37mm) v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng l\u00e0 9.0 LPM.<\/p>\n T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 2 m\u1eabu kh\u00f4 aerosol \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 80mm v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u00e0 43,0 cm2. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean s\u00e0n \u1edf hai g\u00f3c c\u1ee7a ph\u00f2ng ICU c\u1ee7a B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Renmin trong 7 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n Sau khi thu th\u1eadp m\u1eabu kh\u00ed dung, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m BSL-2 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0169 H\u00e1n. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu l\u1ecdc 25, 37mm v\u00e0 80mm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1eed ion, sau \u0111\u00f3 TRIzol LS Reagent (Invitrogen) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t virus SARS-CoV-2 v\u00e0 tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t RNA theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Chu\u1ed7i DNA \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9 PrimeScript RT (TakaRa). DdPCR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a virus SARS-CoV-2.<\/p>\n Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch 10 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ddPCR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m QuantaSoft (Bio-Rad). N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o theo quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eabu tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i microliter c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng 1x ddPCR, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh m-3 trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 RNA c\u1ee7a virus ho\u1eb7c virus trong aerosol \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\nPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1eabu kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 RNA c\u1ee7a Aerosol SARS-CoV-2 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n V\u0169 H\u00e1n trong \u0111\u1ee3t b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t d\u1ecbch COVID-19<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u chung<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\nVi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n SARS-CoV-2 \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng qua \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 3 ngu\u1ed3n:<\/p>\n\n
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1. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/strong><\/h3>\n
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2. L\u1ea5y m\u1eabu<\/strong><\/h3>\n
3. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/h3>\n